python中列表是最常用的数据类型之一，由多个元素组成的集合，每个元素都有一个位置或者叫索引，索引的值从0开始，往后顺序递推，最大值为列表长度-1

例如

aa = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] print(aa[0]) # 1 print(aa[1]) # 2 print(aa[2]) # 3

常用方法

索引、切片

# 　索引　切片 l = [a, b, c, d, e, f] # 优先掌握部分 print(l[1:5]) print(l[1:5:2]) print(l[2:5]) print(l[-1]) """ [b, c, d, e] [b, d] [c, d, e] f """ # 了解 print(l[-1:-4]) print(l[-4:-1]) print(l[-4:]) l = [a, b, c, d, e, f] print(l[-2:]) """ [] [c, d, e] [c, d, e, f] [e, f] """

追加元素append()

hobbies = [play, eat, sleep, study] hobbies.append(girls) print(hobbies) # [play, eat, sleep, study, girls]

删除元素

pop()

如果pop()里面没加参数 则默认删除最后一个元素

hobbies = [play, eat, sleep, study, run, "girl"] x = hobbies.pop(1) # 不是单纯的删除，是删除并且把删除的元素返回，我们可以用一个变量名去接收该返回值 print(x) print(hobbies) x = hobbies.pop(0) print(x) x = hobbies.pop(0) print(x) x = hobbies.pop() print(x) """ eat [play, sleep, study, run, girl] play sleep girl """

del

del和pop() 不一样， 他没有返回值，只是单纯的将参数里面索引对应的元素从列表里面删除

这种删除方式不光在列表中有用，在后面的元组和字典里也是有用的

hobbies = [play, eat, sleep, study] del hobbies[1] # 单纯的删除 print(hobbies) # [play, sleep, study]

remove()

remove()参数是具体的元素值,不是索引，也没有返回值

hobbies = [play, eat, sleep, study] hobbies.remove(eat) # 单纯的删除，并且是指定元素去删除 print(hobbies) # [play, sleep, study]

用append()和pop()队列和堆栈

队列：是一种数据结构，其特点是先进先出，就和排队一样，排在最前面的人优先买到东西

堆栈: 是一种数据结构，其特点是后进先出，就和往桶里面放东西一样，最后放进去的,往往是最先拿出来

# 队列：先进先出 queue_l = [] # 入队 queue_l.append(first) queue_l.append(second) queue_l.append(third) print(queue_l) # [first, second, third] # 出队 print(queue_l.pop(0)) # first print(queue_l.pop(0)) # second print(queue_l.pop(0)) # third # 堆栈:先进后出，后进先出 l = [] # #入栈 l.append(first) l.append(second) l.append(third) # #出栈 print(l) # [first, second, third] print(l.pop()) # third print(l.pop()) # second print(l.pop()) # first

计算列表的长度

hobbies=[play,eat,sleep,study] print(len(hobbies)) # 4

列表是否包含某个元素

对于字符串来说也是可以的

# 　　　　包含in hobbies = [play, eat, sleep, study] print(sleep in hobbies) # True msg = hello world sz print(sz in msg) # True

插入元素insert()

hobbies = [play, eat, sleep, study, eat, eat] hobbies.insert(1, walk) print(hobbies) hobbies.insert(1, [walk1, walk2, walk3]) print(hobbies) """ [play, walk, eat, sleep, study, eat, eat] [play, [walk1, walk2, walk3], walk, eat, sleep, study, eat, eat] """

统计个数count()

hobbies = [play, eat, sleep, study, eat, eat] print(hobbies.count(eat)) # 3

列表合并extend()

list1.extend(list2) 将list2中的元素从list1的末尾添加上list1中

hobbies = [play, eat, sleep, study, eat, eat] hobbies.extend([walk1, walk2, walk3]) print(hobbies) # [play, eat, sleep, study, eat, eat, walk1, walk2, walk3]

获取某个元素的索引index()

如果列表中有当前元素,则返回当前元素第一次出现的索引 如果列表中没有当前元素，没有就报错hobbies = [play, eat, sleep, study, eat, eat] print(hobbies.index(eat)) # 1 print(hobbies.index(girl)) # 报错

清空元素clear()

hobbies = [play, eat, sleep, study, eat, eat] hobbies.clear() print(hobbies) # []

列表拷贝copy()

列表拷贝属于浅拷贝, 修改列表里面的元素会相互影响，切记，这里不展开说，后面会详细说

hobbies = [play, eat, sleep, study, eat, eat] l = hobbies.copy() # [play, eat, sleep, study, eat, eat] print(l)

列表反转reverse()

l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] l.reverse() print(l) # [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

列表排序sort()

l = [100, 9, -2, 11, 32] l.sort() print(l) # [-2, 9, 11, 32, 100] l = [1, 4, 5, 2, 6] l.sort(reverse=True) print(l) # [6, 5, 4, 2, 1]